![]() The inter- and intra-investigator concordance rate (kappa = 0.9) of analysing the C4d expression by F-IF was excellent. ![]() In addition, we determined the inter-observer concordance in 240 paraffin-embedded biopsies of a multi-centre study. We compared the staining extent (diffuse, focal, minimal, no staining) in frozen and paraffin sections and evaluated the intra- and inter-observer concordance rates using kappa statistics. We investigated the expression of C4d along PTC in 64 renal allograft biopsies using a monoclonal antibody (Quidel) and immunofluorescence for frozen (F-IF) and a polyclonal antibody (Biomedica) and immunohistochemistry for formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded (P-IHC) tissue samples. Since only little information is available on the best technique to stain C4d, we compared the two methods most often used for detecting C4d in renal allograft specimens. ![]() It is typically associated with circulating donor-specific antibodies. Detection of C4d along peritubular capillaries (PTC) in renal allograft biopsies is an independent prognostic marker of poor long-term graft survival.
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